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Computer Vision and Language Technology
Reading pictures and reading prose: the task-shaped words that predate the chatbot era and still describe most deployed systems.
Starter
Bounding box
A rectangular marker that shows where an object or text region appears in an image, usually by its position, width and height.
Computer vision
Computer vision enables software to analyse images or video and produce useful outputs such as labels, locations, measurements or text.
Facial recognition
A computer vision method that compares face images or representations to estimate whether they show the same person.
Image classification
A system assigns one or more predefined labels to an image based on patterns in its pixels.
Machine translation
Machine translation uses computer systems to convert text from one language into another using learned patterns, statistical methods or hand-built rules.
Natural language processing
A set of computing methods for turning human language into structured signals that software can classify, search, translate, summarise or generate.
Optical character recognition
A method that turns words in an image or scanned page into machine-readable text that software can search, copy and analyse.
Pixel
The smallest addressable picture element in a digital image, usually storing colour or brightness information at one tiny location.
Sentiment analysis
A method that sorts text, speech transcripts or sometimes images into attitudes such as positive, negative or neutral.
Summarisation
Summarisation produces a shorter version of text or speech that keeps the main points and drops less important detail.
Intermediate
Corpus
An organised collection of text or recorded speech used to study language or train and test language-processing systems.
Image captioning
A task that turns an image into a short written description, often to summarise visible content for search, accessibility or workflow support.
Image segmentation
Image segmentation divides an image into pixel-level regions; semantic segmentation labels them as roads, buildings or water.
Intent detection
A system that assigns a user message or action to a goal category, such as asking for help, making a booking or reporting a problem.
Low-resource language
This status applies to a language and task when useful data, software tools or evaluation material are limited for building and assessing technology.
Named entity recognition
A text-processing method that finds mentions such as people, organisations, places, dates or amounts and labels each mention by type.
Object detection
A computer vision task that finds instances of chosen object types in an image or video and marks where each one appears.
Topic modelling
A method that scans many documents and groups frequently co-occurring words into recurring themes, helping people see what a collection is mostly about.